What asymmetric warfare may tell us about Iran’s fighting chances

In war, a weaker opponent will often resort to asymmetric warfare, a tactic Iran is likely to exploit against the US.

History Illustrated is a weekly series of insightful perspectives that places news events and current affairs into a historical context using graphics generated with artificial intelligence.

The US attack on Iran comes from a place of confidence On paper the worlds most powerful military would seem unbeatable But war can be unpredictable and weaker opponents often resort to unconventional tactics or asymmetric warfare with early anti colonial conflicts showing how it can work
In 1946 for example France entered the First Indochina War confident of victory ignoring Vietnams desire to rid itself of French colonial rule But the communist led Viet Minh waged an effective guerrilla war culminating in a French defeat in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954 the loss partly blamed on French hubris
In the Algerian War of Independence from 1954 to 1962 the French once again failed in the face of the hit and run tactics of guerrilla warfare Algerian fighters who relied on allies in densely populated urban neighbourhoods in cities like Algiers used sabotage and assassinations to great effect
During the Vietnam War the Viet Cong preferred dense jungle cover to limit the use of US airpower They laid booby traps sprung ambushes and dug hidden tunnels The Viet Cong also used propaganda tactics to test the US publics resolve to endure the deaths of American soldiers A weaker force in effect won in 1975 by holding out longer
In Afghanistan starting in 2001 the US military again faced a weaker enemy But the Taliban leveraged improvised explosive devices suicide bombings hit and run tactics and the killing of local officials to outlast the Americans who left in 2021
Iraq was no better After the USs conventional invasion toppled Saddam Hussein in 2003 the conflict spiralled into one of IED attacks on convoys suicide bombings assassinations and kidnappings
Today Ukraine has redefined asymmetric warfare keeping the much larger Russian invasion force at bay since 2022 in part through the use of inexpensive consumer drones
In the Middle East Iran has asserted itself and kept the much more powerful US military and its allies off balance with proxies in Iraq Lebanon and Yemen The Houthis in Yemen for example have fired missiles and drones into Saudi Arabia targeting the kingdoms electricity infrastructure
Now as the US wages war with Israels help Iran fires its cheap but effective Shahed 136 kamikaze drones at US military bases in the Middle East and at US allies in the Gulf region The worry of course is that this war could be dragged out as a weaker opponent refuses to give in to a stronger aggressor

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